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Brown diamonds are the most common color variety of natural diamonds. The brown color makes them less attractive as gemstones and most are used for industrial purposes; however, technical advances and improved marketing programs, especially in Australia, have resulted in brown diamonds becoming valued as gemstones in recent years.[1] A significant portion of the output of Australian diamond mines is brown stones. A large amount of scientific research has gone into understanding the origin of the brown color. Several causes have been identified, including irradiation treatment,nickel impurities and lattice defects associated with plastic deformation; the latter are considered as the predominant cause, especially in pure diamonds. A high-pressure high-temperature treatment has been developed that heals lattice defects and converts brown diamonds into yellow or even colorless stones.
Diamonds are not all colorless, but it's the colorless diamonds, sometimes called white diamonds, that all other shades are judged against.The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has devised a set of guidelines to grade diamond color. Graded diamonds are compared to the color of control stones, which are preselected gems of a specific color.
- To be graded, diamonds must be loose, because once a diamond is set into metal the metal can affect the color we perceive. For instance, a slightly yellow diamond could look more yellow set into yellow gold, or less yellow set into white gold or platinum. (Learn more about diamond grading reports.)
- Diamonds are placed table-down, pavilion-up and viewed with a 10X loupe.
- A lettering system from D to Z is used to identify the amount of color present in each diamond, with D awarded only to rare, totally colorless diamonds.
Diamond Color Grades
Colorless diamonds and diamonds that are yellow or yellowish brown are grouped into the categories shown below. These grades do not apply to fancy colored diamonds -- they have their own color grading standards.
D-E-F
Colorless.
G-H-I-J
Nearly colorless.
K-L-M
Faintly tinted, usually yellow.
N-O-P-Q-R
Lightly tinted, usually yellow. Tint can be seen with the naked eye.
S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Tinted, usually yellow, may progress to brownish. Tint visible to the naked eye, even when mounted.
Other Factors Can Affect Diamond Color
Fluorescence
GIA diamond reports and many other lab reports indicate whether or not a diamond exhibits fluorescence, which means the diamond's color changes when it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Since UV radiation is a component of daylight and is also present in fluorescent lit rooms, diamonds with this characteristic can appear to change color quite often.
- Diamonds that produce a blue reaction usually appear whiter, or more colorless, under UV light.
- Stones that fluoresce yellow appear even more yellow under some lighting conditions.
Diamond Color Treatments
The color of a some diamonds can be dramatically changed by using HPHT (high pressure/high temperature) processing. Unlike diamond treatments used in the past, HPHT changes appear to be permanent.
Coatings are sometimes used to temporarily enhance a diamond's color.
Settings that Enhance Diamond Color
A loose diamond that appears lightly yellow to the naked eye will usually appear more colorless when mounted in a white setting -- platinum or white-gold. Mounting the same diamond in yellow-gold metal usually enhances the diamond's yellowish tone.
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